English Contemporary Historical Fictions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

English Contemporary Historical Fictions - Essay Example terary genre, Romance depicts a style of narrative verse or heroic prose that was very much used in Europe during the Middle Ages right up to the time of Renaissance. This literary genre includes passionate love stories which can be fiction or reality or it could be highly adventurous tales about heroic deeds and secret love by knights and passionate ladies. Good examples of Romances are – Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† and â€Å"The Tempest†. There are yet others who are of the opinion that it is a name that is given to the various languages and people associated with the Latin language. It is also described as –â€Å"A type of narrative fiction characterized by the fanciful, often idealistic, treatment of subject matter; love and adventure are often its principal themes. [. . .]à ® (Guerin et al. 326). The romantic period spans over the time during which Wordsworth and Coledridge (1798) lived to create wonderful Lyrical Ballads of love and adventure and goes right up to the time Charles Dickens career to 1832. (Holman 405) According to Guerin, Realism is the opposite of Romance, he says –â€Å"A manner of presentation in literature that stresses an accurate, perhaps even factual, treatment of subject matter. à  The emphasis is on the rational and probable, as opposed, for example, to the romantic† (Guerin et al. 326). Therefore we find that Romance is more fictional than realistic and depends largely on imaginary, fictitious and mysterious characters and settings. Romances as opposed to Realistic stories use passionate love and adventure as a base in writing novels and poetry. Sarah Dunant was born in 1950 and completed her education at Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith, London. Her novel of â€Å"The Birth of Venus† (2003) is an inspiring tale of art, politics, danger and passion. She worked as an actress for some time and then became a novelist, critic and a broadcaster on BBC radio in 1974. She had won many awards for her writing which

Designing The Perfect Leadership Development Experience Education Essay

Designing The Perfect Leadership Development Experience Education Essay Leadership development is improving the qualities of leadership. This can be achieved by Planned and systematic efforts (Groves, 2007 cited in Amagoh, 2009). Leadership development programme is similar to the learning organization concept which focus on facilitating change, empowerment, knowledge sharing, opportunities for learning development and promotes leadership development. (Amagoh, 2009) Nowadays companies struggle with leadership development. They send the top performing employees to attend few leadership development workshops seminars and expect the participants to be the leaders in a week or so. This does not work as expected since personals have different characteristics and abilities. National wide financial have found four kinds of people who engage in this type of development programmes. They are reluctant leaders who have all the necessary skills to be a manager but not confident that they would be effective leaders. Second type is arrogant leaders who believe they have all the leadership skills but lack those skills. Third category is unknown leaders who have the right leadership skills but since they are not good at developing relationship, they fail to be selected as effective leaders. Finally the workaholics which we come across very often (Griffin, 2004). In my individual leadership development programme I have to first identify myself among the four types. Even though occasionally I have played the role of a leader, it makes me to think whether I could be in a leaders position of an organization? This more sounds like a reluctant leader. Initializing the development programme can be based on major leadership traits, which are intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity and sociability. Intelligence Studies found that leaders have higher intelligence compare to non-leaders (Zaccaro, Kemp and Bader, 2004, cited in Northouse, 2007). Intelligence helps in solving the critical problems effectively. I believe intelligence partly come from birth and partly by continuously involved in activities which could boost it. This can also be acquired by observation. Self-confidence This is one area which I focus to improve that in turn will help in chairing an organization. Leadership is all about influencing the followers in order to achieve the vision. Self-confidence is necessary to assure that the way leader influence is appropriate. Determination This includes initiative, persistence, dominance and drive (Northouse, 2007, p. 20). Determination will direct the followers in a desirable path in order to achieve the vision. Integrity This refers to honesty and trustworthiness. Developing the integrity skills will enable confidence in others, which in turn enables delegation, and thereby followers feel ownership and motivated. Sociability Leaders one of the main tasks is to develop and maintain relationships within and outside the organization. Therefore, skills such as being friendly, outgoing, courteous, tactful and handling issues diplomatically are essential to be an effective leaders. Stevens, (n.d. p.42) says managers wear square hats and learn through training. Leaders wear sombreros and opt for education. Some of the learning through education to become an effective leader are understating, generating ideas, questioning, looking for processes rather than content, initiating strategies, long term focus, risk taking, open minded, skill of imagination, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ therefore the leadership development programme should highlight the above aspects. Bennis, (2009,) says on becoming a leader the first thing is to identify is knowing yourself. He has also identified four lessons of self-knowledge (Bennis, 2009, p.52) You are your own best teacher Accept responsibility. Blame no one You can learn anything you want to learn True understanding comes from reflecting on your experience I would say the basic mantras for me to become a leader will be the above four lessons. I would also use integrated solution approach and some other common senses. Integrated solution approach This includes eight steps (Weiss and Molinaro, 2006, cited in Amagoh, 2009). Developing a comprehensive strategy for development Designing the development activities according to organizational and global challenges. For example, compare to the earlier days the social interaction among different nationalities are a must in order to perform as an effective leader. Being in Dubai, in a routine basis we would meet around 180 nationalities where each of them are different. According to Bennis (n.d., cited in The emirates center for strategic studies and research, 2002) the new leadership should understand and practice the power of appreciation, keep remind the people of what is important and generate sustain trust. Use the leadership stories. This is one of the excellent learning which I consider. Reading and understanding different leaderships styles and world-class leaders way of leading will help in enhancing the skills of leadership. Understanding both global and local individuals needs. Using emergent design and implementation will also enable development. Understanding the culture. Focusing on critical moments of leadership life cycle. Applying a mix of methodology will enable development. On top of the above, importance have to be given for personal growth, understanding the concepts, learning through feedbacks and mistakes, skill building, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ will also enable development (Allen and Hartman, 2008, cited in Amagoh, 2009). In answering, How would you know it was effective, I would say if the leadership effectiveness is achieved, it is obvious that leadership development plan was effective. And on the other hand we should also understand leadership development is not one time learning rather it is an ongoing learning process. Therefore, any inefficiencies or neglected skills once identified can be learned. The way we do business around the globe has changed in past dramatically and it is also evidence that the change is continuing. To cope up with the challenging dynamic world leaders has to continuously sharpen their skills. One of the example which I would quote is the professional organizations like CIMA (UK) and ACCA (UK) have introduced programmes called CPD (continuing professional development) to keep members connected with the current and changing world. Leadership effectiveness can be defined as successfully influencing followers in order to achieve the organizational vision (Vardiman et al, 2006; Bodinson, 2005 cited in Amagoh, 2009). Effective leadership is one of the competitive advantages of an organization. In addition, the effective leader determines the organizational performance and growth who are expected to establish vision and strategies, maintain relationship and manage change in order to ensure the organizational growth and survival within the competitors. In conclusion, leadership development programme has to be designed by considering various aspects and skills needed to be an effective leader. In addition, continues progress monitoring and identifying lacking skills will enable to plan the next step of the development programme. We should also understand and accept the fact leadership development is not a one time learning but it is a lifelong learning. Sangeeven

Magical Realism: Theory and History :: Magical Realism Literature Papers

Magical Realism: Theory and History While reading Franz Roh, Angel Flores, Amaryll Chanady, and Luis Leal, I have learned many things about magical realism. I also learned that there are many different definitions for magical realism. I have learned that magical realism is not considered a fairy tale. Amaryll Chanady feels that magical realism is focused more toward reality. However, Luis Leal feels that magical realism is used to express emotions. While reading these essays and finding some research on magical realism, I found that many people have many different views on what magical realism is. By doing research, I have found that it can mean many different things, and it is exciting to learn about something as interesting as magical realism is. Learning about magical realism has been very interesting for me. When reading Franz Roh, I learned a lot about Post- Expressionism and Expressionism. Expressionism involved a painting. It involved animals walking in the sky, and it also showed heated heads popped like corks from overflowing bottles, while Post- Expressionism dealt with painting and pictures with frames (Roh 16-17). On the other hand, Angel Flores was a little hard fro me to understand at first. I found myself asking questions such as "Will I understand what I am reading?" "Is this going to make sense to me?" "What am I suppose to see in this American Fiction?" I did learn that magical realism has to deal with fantasies written in Spanish (Flores 110-111). Then looking at Amaryll Chanady, I learned that Flores stated that, "practitioners of magical realism clings to reality as if to prevent their myth from flying off, as in fairy tales, to supernatural realism." Luis Leal also has many different opinions toward magica l realism. However, I did not agree with a few of them. I did understand and agreed with a few, though. In Luis Leal's essay, I learned that Roh explained the origin of the term by saying that with the word "magical," as opposed to "mystical," he wanted to emphasize that the mystery does not descend to the represented world, but rather hides and palpitates behind it (120-121). I agreed with what he wanted to emphasize. It was also mentioned that magical realism is not magic literature. Magical realism is used to express emotions not to evoke them (120-121). I feel that magical realism is definitely used to express emotions, not to evoke them.

Culture Collision Essay

Culture collisions has been both positive negative to those involved such as Columbus and his run in with the Natives Americans, French revolution and the Haitian slaves, and African Imperialism. In any culture, subculture, or family in which belief is valued above thought, and self-surrender is valued above self-expression, and conformity is valued above integrity, those who preserve their self-esteem are likely to be heroic exception. In the culture collisions I learned about most was trying to change others culture and views on life in this eassy I will give more backgrand on the positive and negatives of the collisions of new worlds like Columbus and the new American, Haitia revolution, and Africans new way of life. I start my culture collision with a young sailer by the name of Christopher Columbus and his run in with the Native Americans. Columbus sailed for Spain but was from Itialy. Columbus search was for spices. He thought by sailing west across the Atlantic it would bring a ship to Eastern Asia. His plans made sense, but columbus greatly underestimated earth’s size, and had no idea that two continents lay in his path. Once columbus got to the new world he call the natives, Indiains thinking he was in Asia. †As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first Island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever there is in these parts†.(-christopher columbus 1492). After finding out that these people was not what they seem, Columbus and the Natives American made a treaty. The natives were good neighbood they tought Columbus how there lands works, and ways to serve the land. Columbus used this new found world to bring European, Americans, and African cultures together. Not only did he collied the culture he brought foods and animals. Even though the collision had good turn out there was a down fall of this collision with Columbus inhumain way of treating the Natives Americans. In two years, through murder, mutilation, or suicide, half of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti were dead.(-Zinn,). Columbus killed many of the Natives Americans after friending them. After they though him what he needed to know they was not use to him. Even though Columbus collied, the world at what cost was that to all the life’s he took. The next culture collisions was the revolution of Haiti and French,  starting with Napoleon against a free slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture. Haiti had heared to Enlightenment Thinkers talk of equal rights and thought that they should be intitled to the rights also. Napoleon started out as an Italian general and ended up being one of the greatest historical figures. First, Directors requested Napoleon’s support while organizing a coup d’etat. Then, Bonaparte fought Britain in order to benefit France. Lastly, he was called to help creating a new constitution and ended up as the First Consul of France. At home, he ruled using flattery, but also he strongly resisted the opposition. Napoleon is a pro-revolutionist because he denied all the privileges of the aristocracy, created a new constitution, and also established the Napoleonic Code.(-Brainard, 1998-2008)†Neapoleon was one of the greatest generals who ever lived. But at the end of the 18th century a self-educated slave with no military training drove napoleon out of Haiti and led his country to indepenence. The remarkable leader of this slave revolt was Toussaint Breda (later called toussaint l’ouverture, and sometimes the †black napoleon†). Slave revolts from this time normally ended in executions and failure, this time was different.†(-Brainard,1998-2008). Toussaint become the leader of the slaves rebellion. He successfully fought the French who were helped by succumbing to yellow fever in large numbers as well as invading Spanish and British( who wanted to take down napoleon for the beheading of the king and queen). After the French Revolution was in the hands of Jacobins, who leaded the Reign of Terror. So Napoleon and L’Ouverture agree to terms of peace by giving them there indepenence. A few months later l’ouverture was invited to come to a negotiating meeting will full safe conduct. When he got there napoleon betrayed the safe conduct and arrested him, putting him on a ship. Napoleon ordered that l’ouverture be placed in a prison dungeon in the mountains, and murdered by means of cold, starvation, and neglect. L’ouverture died in prison,(-Brainard, 1998-2008)but others carried on his fight and six months later napoleon gave up his fight. This collisions allowed the indepenence of haiti. In africa, Europeons wanted the copper,ivory, gold, and diamonds the africans held in there mines. African’s used slavery as a part of their everyday life. When the Europeans arrived overseas in Africa they were  intrigued by this idea of slavery. They felt that the African people were used to the hot weather and long and hard working days. They thought of the blacks as inferior as well. They needed people to do their labor in the New World and were sent over in the African Slave Trade (Corretti,1500-1800). Slavery had a different meaning in the New World than it did in Europe. People were considered chattel in the New World. This means that one human was the property of another human. The Europeans needed to find people to keep up with the labor on the plantations in the new world (Corretti, 1500-1800).Europeons capitalists carved up the continents in order to ensure their wealth. Many english, french, and germans travelled to make africans chistian. Europeons inslaved these africans and spilt families apart. Africans resistance to the imperialism. Shaka Zulu led the Zulu people againist the Boers and Brithish. Brilliantly fought off troops for 30 years. In the end Britin control Southen Africa. Yaa Asantewaa led the Asante Kingdom against the British in West Africa. Last battle in series of 100 years of war between Asante and England. Menelik the second led Ethiopia against Europeon colonists. Hired Europeons to teach them how to read and use Europeons weapons. In 1896, Ethiopia smashed the Italians; Ethiopia was never colonized.(-malone,2012) Beside ethiopia, the African Imperialism was a negitive culture collision it had no effects on the world in my eyes just the europeon mading others do there durty work. In conclusion, culture collisions privde to be both positive and negitive. Not one collisions had one with out the other, Columbus didn’t decover a New World but brought others together. But then again in his process of doing so he mistreated kind people and almost whiped out the native race. With the Haitian and French Revolution Napoleon ketp the haitain in slaved when he came to power. In the African Imperialism they inslave most of africa because of there industalition and need hard workers for little to no pay after the child labor laws. Well without any of these collisions we wouldn’t be living in the kind of world we do now.

Margaret Atwoods’ short story “The Resplendent Quetzal” Essay

â€Å"The Resplendent Quetzal†, by Margaret Atwood, is the story of Sarah and Edward, a disparaging husband and wife, who lost their child at birth and consequently lost their love for one another. This story focuses on the individual way that they dealt with the same tragedy and how it led them to become who they are today. Atwood uses symbolism and descriptive character analysis to show how far the degeneration of their relationship has gone. They both continue with their superficial relationship, unable to face the emotional scars of their past because they are too afraid of the reparations it will generate for the future. Sarah is self-described as â€Å"comely† (271). She views everything Edward does with disdain and contempt, a view that stems from the blame she places on him for their baby’s death. His thrifty spending exasperates her: they travel via bus, stay in cheap hotels and instead of going to a â€Å"perfectly nice [restaurant] in the village where they were staying† (HASF 275) he insists they go to a â€Å"seedy, linoleum-tiled hutch† (275). Edward bores her with his so-called obsessions; he never sticks with them (except the birds). She too â€Å"had once herself been one of his obsessions† (271). Sarah views Edward as a â€Å"total idiot† (272), given the fact that he always appears to fall for her bird trick, which in turn insults, yet even more so, confuses Edward. â€Å"For someone [Sarah] so devious, she was often incredibly stupid† (272). Sarah represses her festering emotions by being curt and contemptuous, creating a starched, barel y functional relationship. Sarah’s continuous belittlement of Edward drives him to be continuously occupied. Subsequently he appears to be an on the go, eager to learn man, busying himself with his job as a Grade 6 teacher and his ever-changing hobbies. He cannot face the emotional pain of the loss of the baby either, but more so, he does not know how to deal with Sarah’s emotional nastiness. Vulnerable and weak, Edward succumbs to Sarah’s degrading behaviour for he cannot accept or understand what their relationship has become. The location of the story symbolizes the state of their marriage. The story is set at the site of ancient Mayan ruins somewhere in Mexico, now overrun with big-hatted American tourists and gold-toothed Mexican guides. The main  attraction of the site is an ancient Mayan sacrificial well. It is large and mud-brown with â€Å"a few clumps of reeds† growing in the murky water. Sarah had envisioned something more like a wishing well, not this primitive, swamp-like hole in the ground. Sarah’s expectations of what the well would look like symbolize what she thinks her and Edwards relationship should have turned out to be like. Instead, she is just disappointed. The Mayan ruins symbolize the remains of their marriage. The foundation and its structures have been destroyed leaving nothing but a dysfunctional pile of rubble. In an attempt to escape from the truth of their marriage, the Edward and Sarah go on vacation. To be on vacation is to go somewhere out of the ordinary and to take a break from ones everyday life. This is what Sarah and Edward hoped to do by going to Mexico, to get away from the unhappy reality of their marriage. They tried to escape the real world by entering a superficial one. The westernization of the village they are staying in and the commercialization of the Mayan ruins represent their superficial world. The â€Å"authentic† Mexican diner where they ate had a radio shaped like Fred Flintstone playing American pop songs, a crà ¨che with an eclectic collection of holy figurines and a TV playing a dubbed version of â€Å"The Cisco Kid†. The Mayan site was swarming with foreign tourists with their generic guidebooks, straw hats and large â€Å"tasteless† (276) handbags. Both places covered up the natural, real world for a supposed more appealing and beneficial one. The real world is seen in the ancient well, the ruined pyramids, and the fleas whose bites â€Å"swell-up† (271) on Edwards legs. Reality is less appealing but will continue to exist whether it is acknowledged or not. As Sarah sits alone by the well, she remembers the early days of her and Edward’s relationship. He had shared with her his love of birds, and she realizes that back then that she actually had been â€Å"touched and interested† (271) when he confided this in her. When she had gotten pregnant â€Å"she’d taken meticulous care of herself† (279), fearing that her baby would be born with a deformity or worse. Instead, it had been a normal child, its death a freak accident. â€Å"There was†¦no one to blame, except, obscurely Edward† (279). Sarah’s reaction to their baby’s death was nonchalant: â€Å"‘Well, that’s that,’ she had said in the hospital afterwards† (279). Edward had been the  one to cry, not her. She simply bottled up her pain and sadness, hiding it from Edward and herself. Thus, began the slow disintegration of their relationship. To Edward it now seemed Sarah was always waiting or looking for something, maybe her â€Å"lost† (279) child. After the baby’s death, Edward seemed to lose interest in her. Sarah saw him emotionally desert her, leaving her â€Å"alone with the corpse† (279). Edward had at first tried to be emotionally supportive of Sarah. He pushed for another child, thinking maybe it would erase the past and bring back the happiness they had both once shared. Instead, she only distanced herself from him. Sarah could not understand how Edward could ask her for another baby, â€Å"it was too much for anyone to expect of her† (279); this fuelled her growing distaste for him. Edward now clings to the false hope of another child and another chance at happiness; he does not want to admit failure. Neither Sarah nor Edward wishes to be involved with each other, they both know that their relationship is not a relationship anymore; it is not even a convenience. The problem is that neither wishes to take the route of separation because they both know the pain it will trigger. This causes them only to fantasize about life without the other. Sarah wishes Edward dead; it is not that she wants him to die, she just cannot â€Å"imagine any other way for him to disappear† (274). Edward fantasizes himself as King Kong, â€Å"picking Sarah up and hurling her over the edge†¦into the sacrificial well† (273). His thoughts then turn to changing Sarah’s appearance; even in his fantasy, she is not fit for sacrifice. Edward’s fantasy parallels Sarah throwing of the stolen, plaster baby Jesus into the well. The sacrificial nature of it is Sarah’s attempt to throw away the bane of her existence–the death of her baby. With it, she throws down all hope and happiness, leaving her with nothing but pain and grief. Sarah is forced to momentarily face reality: her baby is gone and is not coming back. It is a poignant moment of self-truth for her. She breaks down and starts crying, unable to deal with the repressed emotions that are welling up inside almost breaking through the surface. However, as Edward approaches  Sarah regains her poise, the emotions sent to retreat into the depths of her being. For reasons unbeknown, she cannot show the man, whom she swore to share a life with, the true extent of her grief. Ironically, Edward wishes for nothing but for Sarah to let down her wall, yet when he sees her crying he does not know how to react. â€Å"‘This isn’t like you,’ Edward said pleading, as if that was a final argument that would snap her out of it and bring back the old, calm Sarah† (280). He lacks the courage to confront her emotions, which would in turn cause him to confront his own. Sarah’s unhappiness stems from the loss of the baby. Edwards’ unhappiness stems from Sarah’s contempt of him. â€Å"The Resplendent Quetzal† addresses the different reactions of people to the same initial crisis and the effect it has on their relationship. Edward and Sarah both faced the same trauma, but instead of coming together and jointly overcoming the problem, they use it as a weapon against each other. Their relationship engages only feelings of hate and frustration for one another. The story ends without a conclusion. Sarah recovers from her moment of distress and â€Å"[smoothes] her skirt† (280), resuming her standard functional relationship with Edward. She then asks Edward if he had found his bird. Sarah had said that the one bird she wanted to see on their trip was the Resplendent Quetzal. It is obvious that neither of them will find their â€Å"bird† on this trip. Their bird is the happiness of their past that they sacrificed by repressing their problems and fears.

Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essays

Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essays Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essay Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essay Parabolic gesture has been studied for a long clip dating all the manner back to the clip in which Galileo was carry oning experiments. In this lab study. the scope a foam disc launcher shooting was tested by changing the angle of flight followed by mensurating the scope. The scope that the froth disc went was measured in centimetres and multiple shootings were taken at each angle and so averaged. Galileo was the first individual who accurately described projectile gesture. Because of the drawings of Niccolo Tartaglia. Galileo realized that a missile followed a curved way which is called a parabola. 1 It was subsequently found out by Galileo that the parabola has an exact mathematical form. Besides. he stated that a missile was acted upon by two forces. perpendicular and horizontal. The perpendicular force was from gravitation. which pulled it to Earth at 9. 8 m/s. That is why a parabola is a precise mathematical equation. 2 Observations were conducted before the experiment was started. First. observations were made on two racquetballs. one being pushed from a tabular array. and another being dropped vertically to the floor. Equally shortly as the one pushed across the tabular array went off the border. the other was dropped vertically. They both hit the land at the same clip. because gravity’s force on them was the same. A racquetball was besides observed by fliping it with the same speed at different angles between two people. At a 0? angle. it went horizontally until the terminal of its flight when it lost its impulse and started to swerve toward the land. In fact. even the froth discs were observed. Since there was no air current in the research lab. it made for a stable environment. But. when the disc was launched at a 45? angle. its rotary motion made it swerve backwards. As good. in this experiment an on-line game. The Balloon Game . was played where the consequence of angle and speed were studied in footings of how they affected parabolic gesture. 3 In this game. it was observed that the scope of the missile increased up to 45 grades but so decreased beyond 45 grades. with 45 grades being optimum. Joselyn J. Todd. Example Lab. 9/12/2006 3 This experiment was started by utilizing some difficult plastic disc launchers and some lightweight froth discs. The disc launcher was set a metre of the land and was shot three times each at a 0? . 20? . 45? . 70? . and 90? angles. It was hypothesized that the greatest distance would be from a 0? angle. but the greatest distance came from when the launcher was shot at 45 grades. The norm of the three shooting distances was taken and was used to do a graph which made a parabolic arch on a graph. The distance that the froth discs went was measured in centimetres and was rounded to the nearest centimetre. Materials and Method Shooting Disc Gun Meter Stick Protractor Three phonograph record Tablet PC 1. Load a shot phonograph record gun with three phonograph records. 2. Put the metre stick on top of the land ( this is where the missiles will be fired from ) . 3. Put up the shot phonograph record gun so that it is on top of the metre stick. 4. With the protractor. step the grade that the hiting phonograph record gun is hiting from. 5. First set up the protractor at a zero grade angle ( indicating directly out ) . and so shoot the three phonograph record from this angle. 6. Measure the distance all three of the phonograph record traveled and happen the mean. Record this for the mean distance for a missile being shot at zero grades. 7. Repeat stairss # 5 and # 6. nevertheless each clip. vary the angle. The five angles that will be tested out in this process are: 0 grades. 20 grades. 45 grades. 70 grades. and 90 grades. 8. Make a tabular array and so chart this information utilizing Microsoft Excel. Joselyn J. Todd. Example Lab. 9/12/2006

How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay Example

How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay Example How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay Essay Topic: The Bean Eaters Rainforests can be found near the earth’s Equator where temperatures are high. Since the Equator is mostly tilted towards the sun, their biomes have high temperatures and humidity which allows for a large diversity of animals and plants to live there. This is unlike forests which consists of mainly one type of tree and doesn’t have much diversity in its plants and animals.Figure 1- Distribution of tropical rainforestsâ€Å"Earths lungs†Clearly, the largest is the Amazon Rainforest.Figure 2- Amazon in BrazilThe Amazon spreads on many countries in South America.The Amazon rainforest is disappearing fast from the earth’s surface because of deforestation which is putting a risk on the forest.Falls onto eight nations. 60 % of it is inside Brazil therefore they have large control on it. .4,100,000 square kilometresFigure 3- Layers of the AmazonEmergent Layer These are the tallest trees which get plenty of light. Monkeys, bats and butterflies can be found here.C anopy – Maze of leaves and branches that have many animals living in it due to so much food. Animals include snakes, toucan and tree frogs.Under Story – little sunlight gets here and so leaves grow out to be able to catch itForest floor – almost no plants grow here since it is dark and so it decays really fast.Giant ant eaters live here.solcomhouse.com/images/LAYER500copy.jpg Source of information.This is relevant to our research as it shows how unique the rainforest is. Unlike forests the Amazon has many layers to it and different types of trees that can only be found in the Amazon to show how important it is to protect it from any dangers. Not only that, but the Amazon took many generations to build up to this sort of environment and is really important for the development of the world and habitats.Causes of Deforestation:Figure 3 – Causes of DeforestationLogging, though it doesn’t contribute heavily, is still done so that the timber could be us ed for things such as chairs, home objects and other things that are made of wood inside the home.Large scale agriculture for example Soya bean plantations.Human exploitation is taking its toll on the Amazon Rainforest. When infrastructure is built it is easier for businesses in the Amazon to be able to transport and build up their companies which wouldn’t have been possible without infrastructure. For example, cattle ranching are the biggest cause of deforestation taking up to 65-70% of deforested land which can be seen on the Mongabay website who have done a study into the Amazon rainforest and its exploitation.Trees are cut down for the sake of breeding cattle whose beef and leather is exported to MNC’s and this land is cleared to make space for the cattle to graze and to move freely. The second biggest cause is small time agriculture (20 – 25 % as seen in Figure 3 taken from Mongabay). Since Brazil still has many poor people, they encourage poor farmers to m ove to the Amazon. Since there’s infrastructure farmers are further encouraged to move there since they can easily get around. When they settle down there they chop down trees to start farming, but due to lack of care the soil erodes quickly and becomes infertile so they cut down more trees to be able to farm.Among large scale agriculture is soy bean plantations. Brazil has become the second largest soy bean producer (26 % of the rainforest as seen in figure 3, Mongabay) in the world due to high demand from western society therefore more trees are cut down for this purpose. Infrastructure is again making it easier to import and export the soy. A high demand can be seen as they sell well in many countries which create economic developments which means the country could then become a significant country of produce and increase exports and continue to grow and prosper. (As seen in website evaluated in my bibliography)The main motivation for deforestation is to help Brazil to pro sper and continue to rebuild itself so that it can become a more wealthy country so that they could build up the economy and become an MEDC. This is positive since it will increase the countries economy and raise the Quality of Life for the people of Brazil however this comes with various consequences.Every time deforestation decreases, it then gradually increases againFigure 4- Amount of DeforestationDecreasing here largelyThough it is evident from the graph that Brazil tries to decrease deforestation however it always returns to rise. Also, according to the Mongabay, which is an environmentalist website that is dedicated to the well being of the Amazon rainforest, (refer to bibliography) and from the graph it can be seen that there is a correlation between Brazil’s economy and the deforestation there is also a decrease in economic profit and that when there was an increase in deforestation, Brazil experienced economic growth as explained in the Key Geography for GCSE textbo ok which detailed the effects of the Amazon on the Brazilian economy.(Greenpeace Activist) The Amazon contains 80-120 billion tonnes of carbon which if it is released could damage the earth’s atmosphere! Not only that, but the Amazon is also home to ingenious people who need the forest. If the rainforest is cut down the people would have no-where to go. Also, by cutting down the rainforest, we are losing all these natural medicines and herbs that could be useful. Many animals and insects would also be lost with every tree that is cut down!EFFECTS AND STAKEHOLDERS OPINIONS:(Ingenious People) There are over 200’000 of us in the Amazon in over 180 nations. If our home is cut down, it will cause us to lose the land that we tried so hard to protect and our homes will be destroyed. If we are forced off our land then we still wouldn’t be able to get jobs in the already overcrowded city which would then mean our culture will be destroyed and we will be forced to accusto m to modern day living which we do not want as we are content with out present life.(Brazil) The beef that is used in cheap things such as canned food or packaged food is most likely to be from the Amazon rainforest as that is where 80% of the Amazon that is being cut down is used for cattle ranching. We as a country are growing due to all this importing and exporting so we must keep all this demand so that we can keep providing jobs and prospering.(MNCs) Until demand for our products is reduced then we will keep on cutting down trees so that our company can prosper. Besides, we are contributing to the government by paying taxes and giving people jobs in our factories, therefore being more help to the government then the actual rainforest.Note: these sources are all biased from their own points of view.EffectExplanationPositive/NegativePeople have jobsThey can then spend more money inside the country and be more prosperous meaning money would circulate and the economy could growPosi tiveTrees being cut down and plants and animals dieReduces the biodiversity of the Amazon. By cutting down all those trees, CO2 is being released into the atmosphere which would damage the ozone layer and cause the earth to become more vulnerable. Also it is raising the pollution inside the world causing more damage.NegativeIndigenous people lose their homesMay result in people migrating to cities and creating overpopulation in as well as higher unemployment as those from outside the city may not have the suitable skills for life in the city. Also, by tourists, loggers or any other form of foreign contact, western diseases are brought upon the ingenious people. They are losing their culture and many are dying as their land that they feed on and live off is cut down.NegativeBrazil can set up more businessesIncreases import and export and Improves relations with other countries. The government is benefiting from all the taxes they get from MNCS setting up there and logging (excluding those done illegally). It is creating short term economic relief for the workers who are mining, cut down trees.PositiveMore CO2 levels in the atmosphereWhen trees are cut down this means that there would be less oxygen in the atmosphere and there would be more health problems due to pollution and there would also be more global warming.NegativeCheaper food and objects abroadWhen things are done illegally or in larger spaces, people abroad can buy these things more cheaply and not have to pay high prices. However for the government, they wouldn’t be able to control the situation and they are losing money because of those people.Negative and positiveSOLUTIONS:SolutionAdvantageDisadvantageJobs for local people outside of logging, mining by the Brazilian government(Economic)The Brazilian government can continue to get money from taxes but they need to make more jobs for people that don’t damage the forest.For example, being stewards and protectors of the Amazon rainforest to stop certain activities such as illegal logging.It would cost the Brazilian government money to make more jobs (for example- forest stewardship scheme)The FSC who labels wood so that it can show it comes from a safe environment where the wood was not illegally logged or cut down in large masses (FSC website)(Environmental)A certain label could be put on the Amazon beef which would tell everyone that this type of cow was treated well and did not contribute greatly to deforestation. This would raise demand for that beef and would encourage all cattle farms to get FSC’dThe Brazilian government may have to spend money on cattle ranching everything in the Amazon will increase price of beef so demand falls.Increased Taxes on foreign companies with logging, mining, ranching activities(Economic)This would mean more money for Brazil and then they wouldn’t have to keep allowing more and more companies inside.Pay may decrease for workers to allow this change in taxes and they would be unhappy with lower pay and cannot afford things and the country would remain poorIBAMA for national police to stop illegal logging(Social)Brazilian government because if there’s less illegal logging then that means more profit would go to the government. Also it would protect indigenous people whose land can be protected from illegal loggers who will just intrude purposefully.More money would be spent on the policing of the Amazon then the people of Brazil which would mean less funding for those things and some people may think there is no point to it.Increased action and campaigning of environmental groups e.g: Greenpeace (website)(Social and Environmental)They can raise awareness in the western world and allow for people and companies to see what is happening. This is good for indigenous people since others would be aware of their situation(boycott companies)Many companies may not take the advice because of not enough support from the public.Empowerment to the ind igenous people(Social)They can have control over their land and disallow people to intrude onto it and try to take it away from them. This means they can build on it and prosper with their land.They may decide to sell of their land and would then have to migrate to the cities. Also, this way the government has no control over them.Social: More ingenious people would start dying of and they may come in contact with western diseases. Also, if they are pushed out of their homes they would overpopulate the cities and make unemployment rise.Economic: The Brazilian government would benefit since they would be able to continue to cattle ranch and log on the ground and get money from the ground.The rainforest is deteriorating at a fast rate and if solutions are not produced for the welfare of the rainforest, it would disappear.Environmental: Animals would die since they would be displaced from their habitats and they would not be adapted to live elsewhere.Solutions should be sustainable and benefit the country and rainforest with a solution that not only offers short term but also long term relief that all stakeholders can benefit from.The best solution is to use the FSC label that can be put on not only wood, but also cattle so that it can be sold in the international market and would be trusted since then you know the trees weren’t cut illegally by loggers. This would mean that loggers would start to lose business and won’t be able to log for much longer. However, it could also backfire since the loggers may increase export from the Amazon and offer it at lower prices so that they could sell more.However, if IBAMA police were to monitor the rainforest, loggers are less likely to be able to get the wider areas and to cut illegally. Also, the efforts of campaigners of Greenpeace continued campaigning they could raise more awareness of the rainforest and indigenous people who occupy it and people would then demand the FCS cows or timber more. Also, if MNC ’s take on the FSC label then the Brazilian governments would be forced to control cattle ranching so that these companies can continue buying from them and FCS would be able to approve their cattle. However, this may mean more expensive food for people living abroad.The FSC label would be a good idea to protect the rainforests timber, but it can also be used for the cattle ranching. If demand could be changed outside Brazil for these products so that only timber which has the FSC label can be sold it would mean Brazil will then accustom to the demand and enforce this law.This would also put illegal loggers out of business as they wouldn’t be able to export their products and cannot sell so they would look for more legal solutions and businesses and may therefore decide to work together with the government which would benefit both sides and this would then increase prosperity and the Brazilian government would benefit from and use it wisely. If the same law was applied to cattle then people would demand cattle they know has been looked after well which would generate a peace around the Amazon as the wood is not absued and indigenous peoples homes are not destroyed and Brazil could continue to benefit from the Amazon without the cost of exploiting the forest.

Biography of James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball

Biography of James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball James Naismith (November 6, 1861–November 28, 1939) was a Canadian sports coach who, in December of 1891, took a soccer ball and a peach basket into the gym at the Springfield, Massachusetts YMCA and invented basketball. Over the course of the next decade, he worked to refine the game and its rules and build its popularity. In 1936, basketball had become an official event at the Olympic Games in Berlin. Fast Facts: James Naismith Known For: Inventor of the game of basketballBorn: November 6, 1861 in Almonte, Ontario,  Province of CanadaParents: John Naismith, Margaret YoungDied: November 28, 1939 in Lawrence, KansasEducation: McGill University, Presbyterian College, YMCA Training School, Gross Medical College (M.D.)Published Works: A Modern College  in 1911;  Essence of a Healthy Life  in 1918; Basketball  - its Origins and Development in 1941 (posthumous)Awards and Honors:  Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, McGill University Sports Hall of Fame, Basketball Hall of FameSpouse(s): Maude Evelyn Sherman, Florence B. KincaidChildren: Margaret Mason (Stanley), Helen Carolyn (Dodd), John Edwin, Maude Ann (Dawe), and James ShermanNotable Quote: The invention of basketball was not an accident. It was developed to meet a need. Those boys simply would not play Drop the Handkerchief. Early Life James Naismith was born in Ramsay township near Ontario, Canada in 1861. It was during his childhood years that he developed a love of sports and learned to play a neighborhood game called Duck on a Rock, which later influenced the development of basketball. According to the Naismith Basketball Foundation: Duck on a Rock which was a game that combined tag with throwing. Players formed a line from a distance of 15-20 feet from the base stone. Each player used a fist-sized stone. The object was to dislodge the â€Å"guards† stone from the top of the base stone, by throwing, taking turns. The guard would be positioned in a neutral area away from the thrower. If one succeeded, they would go to the back of the line. If you missed the guards’ stone, the â€Å"chase† would be on and if tagged before the stone was recovered, the players would trade places. Over time, they discovered that if the stone was hurled like a baseball it would bound far away and increase the likelihood of being caught by the guard. The players developed a lobbed arcing shot that proved to be more controllable, more accurate, and less likely to bounce away, thus increasing their chance of retrieval. As a young man, Naismith attended McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, followed by theological training at Presbyterian College. After serving as McGills athletic director, Naismith moved on to work at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. Invention of Basketball At the YMCA Training School, athletes found themselves at loose ends between the end of the football season and the start of the baseball season. Several trainers were asked to develop a sport to keep students physically active during the down season; the new game was to have two stated objectives: â€Å"make it fair for all players, and free of rough play. After considering the balls and rules of play for several popular sports including rugby, lacrosse, football, and soccer, Naismith developed a basic game that involved throwing a soccer ball into peach baskets. The larger soccer ball, he felt, would slow down play to avoid collisions. After a few experiments with the game, Naismith realized that rough play was inevitable near the goals and that players carrying the ball would be tackled. He also placed the goals overhead, and opened the bottom of the nets to allow the ball to drop out; in addition, remembering his childhood experience with Duck on a Rock, he developed a new kind of lobbing toss for the game. Ultimately, he established 13 basic rules for the new game he dubbed basketball: The Ball may be thrown in any direction by one or both hands.The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist).A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for the man who catches the ball when running if he tries to stop.The ball must be held by the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding it.No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of the rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole game, no substitute allowed.A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3, 4, and such as described in rule 5.If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantim e making a foul). A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that team.The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to rule 5The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by the referee. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with 5 minutes rest between.The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may be by mutual agreement, be continued until another goal is made. First College Basketball Game Following his time at the YMCA, Naismith went on to work for the University of Kansas, initially as a chaplain. At that time, basketball was played at the college level, but competition was usually between YMCAs. It was Naismith and other Kansas coaches who helped push the game into greater prominence, though Naismith himself did not seek the spotlight. The first-ever college basketball game was played on January 18, 1896.  On that day, the University of Iowa invited student-athletes from the new University of Chicago for an experimental game. The final score was Chicago 15, Iowa 12. Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in  1904  and as an official event at the  1936 Summer Olympics  in  Berlin, as well as the birth of the  National Invitation Tournament in 1938 and the  NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship in 1939. College basketball games were first broadcast on national TV in 1963, but it wasnt until the 1980s that sports fans ranked basketball as high as football and baseball. Death James Naismith died of a brain hemorrhage in 1939 and was interred at Memorial Park Cemetery in  Lawrence, Kansas. Legacy The  Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame  in  Springfield, Massachusetts, is named in his honor. He was an inaugural inductee in 1959. The  National Collegiate Athletic Association also rewards its top players and coaches annually with the  Naismith Awards, which includes the  Naismith College Player of the Year, the  Naismith College Coach of the Year,  and the  Naismith Prep Player of the Year. Naismith was also inducted into the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, the  Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the  Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the  Ontario Sports Hall of Fame, the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame, the  McGill University  Sports Hall of Fame, the Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame, and the FIBA Hall of Fame.   Naismiths hometown of Almonte, Ontario hosts an annual 3-on-3 tournament for all ages and skill levels in his honor. Every year, this event attracts hundreds of participants and involves over 20 half-court games along the main street of the town.   Sources â€Å"Dr. James Naismiths Life.†Ã‚  Naismith Basketball Foundation, 13 Nov. 2014.Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"James Naismith.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 1 Feb. 2019.

Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Democracy - Essay Example The United States legal system is the foundation of democracy and freedom because it draws boundaries on which rights and freedoms the administration can violate or interfere with. In the United States legal system, human rights are increasingly essential for a harmonious and prosperous society. In the US, because every citizen owns property, the United States laws and the public recognize the principle of property rights. Similarly, the US government ensures that the political rights idea trickles right down to the minority group or citizen. An ethical and religious rights conception appears to be diminishing; therefore, it is crucial to link the rights idea to the public interest. United States legal system has managed to practice this by giving the public political rights since the start, but in some other nations, it may be hard to give the society political rights because they may utilize the rights in an unethical way because they have been deprived of such rights for a long time. The US legal system assures citizens a role in lawmaking to ensure an extensive moral strength of the law. Similarly, in the United States, the public have a personal choice, interest and freedom in obeying the state laws, including the laws they oppose because they realize that, in some occasions, they will give the majority opinion and will condition the minority to adhere to the law. Whereas the powerful may always be the minority, their discomfort is not fatal as their power makes law violation increasingly risky.

Federalism and Administration of Policy Research Paper

Federalism and Administration of Policy - Research Paper Example The federalist system in the USA enjoys shared power between federal, state and local governments and involves a requirement for cooperation, harmonization, and interaction. In the American federalism system, the local governments possess most of the discretions and responsibilities for emergency and disaster management where federal organizations are envisioned to deliver monetary support and resources. State governments act as intercessor by enabling the operations of federal policies regarding emergency and disaster management at the local level .Role Of Three Branches Of Federal GovernmentThe constitution comprises of a system which separates the authority where three branches of federal government can scrutinize and balance the role of each other. The three branches of federal government are ‘Executive branch’, ‘Legislative branch’ and ‘Judicial branch’ .Executive Branch: Executive branch comprises of the President, Vice President, and othe r Cabinet Officials such as State Secretary, Treasury Secretary, Defense Secretary and Labor Secretary among others. These officials are appointed by President and together they make up the executive branch. : The legislative branch comprises of the ‘Senate’ and ‘House of Representatives’.   The most important role of legislative branch is to make the rules, regulations and laws. It is the duty of legislative branch to decide the policies and how the federal money can be used for the benefits of the country4.

How is the dimension of color treated in the cartoon 'Spongebob Coursework

How is the dimension of color treated in the cartoon 'Spongebob Squarepants' (i.e. Is it realistic, or surreal) - Coursework Example The main character of the story, Sponebod Squarepants is given a mix of bright and dull yellow color. When individually assessing the color scheme of the main character, primarily a realistic approach can be observed. The color yellow goes along with the concept of a typical realistic kitchen sponge. Adding to it, the character has been given a dull pattern on the sides of its body. This connects the character to the factual state of a kitchen sponge, which is rubbed and squeezed turning it dull and pale. Though in this aspect there is a realistic approach in the treatment of color, while considering the cumulative visual impact of this character along with other animate and inanimate characters, the approach can be observed to be surreal. Contrasting combinations of colors are quite frequently used all through the cartoon series. The color schemes used in the cartoon are quite uncommon in real life scenario. However, the cartoon being inspired by the underwater world, this surreal approach helps the viewers connect to their own imaginations of a world they have not

European Labour Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

European Labour Market - Essay Example The empirically based studies concentrate on the evolutionary models or on management literature which emphasize on the price competitiveness and the shares of the export market as an important tool in the investigation of the contribution of the strategies induced in the balancing of the costs and productivity (Aiginger, 2004). The paper will focus on different aspects of the unemployment of the Sweden and various policy implications from 1970s till date with the help of various economic theories. Unemployment in Europe from the decades of 1970s The sharp decline in the unemployment increased drastically across the globe with the crash of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. But unlike many areas of the world, unemployment in several European countries has never returned back to the low levels during the Golden Age after the Second World War. The unemployment in the European Union is a major problem. The Euro zone members encountered high levels of unemployment rates an d it increased rapidly in the early 1970s in parallel to the consolidation of an integrated economy and its size and the complexity has been approaching as that of the USA which presents a sharp contrast (Nixson & Artis, 2007, p. 354). The hardcore explanation which stands in this way is that the growth of the industrialized economies became much more unstable and became vulnerable to frequent shocks which include oil price shocks or the exchange rate fluctuations from the period of 1970 onwards. The countries with the flexible labor market rules such as modest unemployment benefits, light employment protection legislation and a low degree of union power which are used in the management of the absorption of these shocks with a much accelerated pace with the comparison to other rigid institutions . The enhancement in the number of the unemployed in Europe can be attributed to the interaction between shocks and institutions. But it has also been encountered often that extensive unempl oyment benefits generate the problem of moral hazard where the workers receive fractional protection against unemployment and they are less likely to search jobs. People studded with strong work ethics will be finding it difficult to rely on the benefits without actively looking out for jobs while the others try to remain on the benefits as long as possible. Therefore the average values in a country have an impact on the size of the moral hazard problem and hence on the cost of providing generous unemployment benefits. Expectations will be on the countries where the workers generally posses a weaker work ethic in order to have a lower ‘replacement ratio’ which is the level of benefits relative to wages (Michau, 2009, p. 14). The employment rate is the number of the total employed and the self employed population of the working age. In the early 1960s the EU 15 the employment ratio was higher than that of the USA but it fell in the 1970s but picked up pace in the 1990 wi th falling sharply with the recession of 2008-2009 (Â  El-Agraa, 2011 p.373). In recent years defenders of the European social model proposed that capitalism augmented by a generous and interventionist welfare state which have taken the praising to Scandinavia to a sky rocketed level. The Nordic

Education Assessment in Practice Research Paper

Education Assessment in Practice - Research Paper Example In my application of the ongoing assessments in my role as an educator I have decided to ensure that I meet all the five dimensions of a good and quality classroom assessment. In my role as an educator, I plan to explore different technologies available for assessment in assessing my students. This technology and instruments will be helping me to design an assessment that can attempt to reveal what my students are thinking. Various technologies that I am planning to adapt to help me with the assessments are in place. Some of these technologies are use of a response device designed to work with multiple-choice and true-false questions, use of group scribbles, and the use of a network-graphing calculator. I am also planning to be evaluating my applications of this assessment tools to ensure a continued improvement in the way I will be assessing my students. I will be using the simple response device designed to work in multiple-choice and true-false questions with information about my students. If this kind of device is carefully designed and used in a meaningful way, it is believed that answers obtained to these types of questions can give information that can be used to assess students and suggest on the measure that need to be taken to improve their learning (USDE, 2012). I will be posing multiple-choice questions to my class, ask my students to use response devices to answer the questions and then have them discuss those questions with their peers who have different answers. My main objective to using this kind of assessment will be trying to raise the levels of engagement of my students in the learning process. Another type of technology that I am planning to be applying in my assessment as an educator is the use of Group Scribbles. According to USED (2012), this is a more sophisticated system that supports peer instruction by capturing complex responses from students. This could allow my student to contribute in classroom discussions using the enhanced chan ces that the technology offers. If I plan to explain how an idea can be applied, I will be asking groups of my students to explain different ways in which this idea can be applied and share their explanations by placing them on a white board. This will ensure that my students learn by explaining their work to other students and through the feedbacks they receive or provide. I also plan to be using rubrics to express what is expected of them in any kind of assessment I decide to give them. This rubrics will be helping my student to understand how quality is judged in the different undertakings they are assigned to undertake in different fields they are working in. I could also use the rubrics to give assessment scores and ratings that will always be demonstrating the measure they are intended to measure and which will always ensure consistency no matter who is selected to mark the assessments. This will ensure that my students obtain the fairest assessment available thus motivating t hem to enhance their learning. Discuss which element of formative assessment is the most difficult to get right away According to Iron (2007), the four elements of a formative assessment are goals which are clear to students; the feedback which measures the student’s current learning state; formative feedback which can be used as a means for closing the gap between the student’

Good for Society vs. Individual Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Good for Society vs. Individual Freedom - Essay Example The main health-care problem that the government is obliged to tackle is a proliferation of diseases (namely pandemics and viruses). In contrast with traditional viruses such as smallpox and poliomyelitis, new viruses of fearful scope have now appeared. HIV/AIDS and avian influenza are the main threats to safety and existence of mankind. The threat can be explained by the fact that the alterations of mutation, resentment, and recombination, viruses could have evolved their own genetic structure. According to statistical results, 448,871 people living with AIDS in America. Annually, 17,047 cases of Hepatitis A are notified by the Health Department; and about 3.9 million people in the United States live with Hepatitis C (National Center of Health Statistics 2009). The agencies responsible for tacking relevant issues pertaining to safety are the US Department of Health and the Human Services and Immunology and Virology Agencies. These agencies are responsible for control over the proliferation of diseases and preventive measures against these diseases. Vaccination is the medical strategy for stimulating the immune system to protect against a specific disease agent prior to exposure. Provoking an immune response before a natural viral infection occurs acts to "blueprint" immunologic memory so that cells involved in making the potential antiviral immune response are primed and held alert. When confronted with the full strength infectious virus, these primed cells react quickly and with greater intensity than unprimed cells, thus enhancing the host's ability to successfully combat and control the infection. The recent appearance of the hemorrhagic fever viruses and HIV provide current challenges to a new generation of microbial hunters. Smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles virus, and yellow fever likewise challenged medical researchers in the past (Willis and Adelowo 1997).  

Education Assessment in Practice Research Paper

Education Assessment in Practice - Research Paper Example In my application of the ongoing assessments in my role as an educator I have decided to ensure that I meet all the five dimensions of a good and quality classroom assessment. In my role as an educator, I plan to explore different technologies available for assessment in assessing my students. This technology and instruments will be helping me to design an assessment that can attempt to reveal what my students are thinking. Various technologies that I am planning to adapt to help me with the assessments are in place. Some of these technologies are use of a response device designed to work with multiple-choice and true-false questions, use of group scribbles, and the use of a network-graphing calculator. I am also planning to be evaluating my applications of this assessment tools to ensure a continued improvement in the way I will be assessing my students. I will be using the simple response device designed to work in multiple-choice and true-false questions with information about my students. If this kind of device is carefully designed and used in a meaningful way, it is believed that answers obtained to these types of questions can give information that can be used to assess students and suggest on the measure that need to be taken to improve their learning (USDE, 2012). I will be posing multiple-choice questions to my class, ask my students to use response devices to answer the questions and then have them discuss those questions with their peers who have different answers. My main objective to using this kind of assessment will be trying to raise the levels of engagement of my students in the learning process. Another type of technology that I am planning to be applying in my assessment as an educator is the use of Group Scribbles. According to USED (2012), this is a more sophisticated system that supports peer instruction by capturing complex responses from students. This could allow my student to contribute in classroom discussions using the enhanced chan ces that the technology offers. If I plan to explain how an idea can be applied, I will be asking groups of my students to explain different ways in which this idea can be applied and share their explanations by placing them on a white board. This will ensure that my students learn by explaining their work to other students and through the feedbacks they receive or provide. I also plan to be using rubrics to express what is expected of them in any kind of assessment I decide to give them. This rubrics will be helping my student to understand how quality is judged in the different undertakings they are assigned to undertake in different fields they are working in. I could also use the rubrics to give assessment scores and ratings that will always be demonstrating the measure they are intended to measure and which will always ensure consistency no matter who is selected to mark the assessments. This will ensure that my students obtain the fairest assessment available thus motivating t hem to enhance their learning. Discuss which element of formative assessment is the most difficult to get right away According to Iron (2007), the four elements of a formative assessment are goals which are clear to students; the feedback which measures the student’s current learning state; formative feedback which can be used as a means for closing the gap between the student’

Scope of Liability for Negligent Misstatement by Professionals Assignment

Scope of Liability for Negligent Misstatement by Professionals - Assignment Example Scope of Liability for Negligent Misstatement Test of Negligence Generally, for a claim of negligence to stand, one has to prove three elements. These elements are: That there was a duty of care owed to the claimant by the defendant, That the duty of care owed was breached, That the breach caused reasonably foreseeable damage borne by the claimant These grounds have been applied for cases involving personal injury. But when it comes to negligent misstatement by professionals, this control test may not be appropriate, more so when it comes to the element of reasonable foreseeability. In Caparo Industries Plc V Dickman, Lord Oliver foresaw a situation whereby a professional would be open to a limitless scope of liability, if the test of reasonable foreseeability alone was applied, (Katter 2003, P. 1). ... A duty of care will only arise where the advice giver, expressly or impliedly, guaranteed the information user that he will exercise due care when making the required statement. The person giving advice must be in possession of special skills and judgement on which the claimant relied on. This will not suffice if according to the circumstances, it was unreasonable for the claimant to rely on such a statement. The information giver, at the time of giving the statement, must have known or reasonably expected to know, that the claimant was going to rely on the statement given. In the case of Hedley Byrne & Co. Ltd V Heller & Partners Ltd, the plaintiffs who were an advertising agency had suffered economic losses due to the negligent statement of the defendant bank about the financial standing of one of its clients. It was held that where there exists a special relationship and an individual gives inaccurate statements where it was reasonably foreseeable that that information was to be a cted on, liability could arise for losses sustained from that reliance. When it comes to the requirement of special relationship, liability restricted only to reasonable circumstances. This prevents a situation whereby multiple claims could be made against the same defendant who has made a negligent statement that turns out to affect many people. In order to restrict such multiple claims arising from the same misstatement, the court laid out the essential of special relationship in the case of Caparo Industries V Dickman (1990). These essential are: That the maker of the statement knew that it would be communicated to plaintiff, whether named or unnamed. That the advice given was in relation to a particular transaction or one that is ascertainable. That the maker of the statement

Hooliganism across cultures and nations

Hooliganism across cultures and nations Abstract Football disorder has ruled football fields for decades. Therefore, hooligans constitute the main problem in modern football. Recently, many clashes linked with nationalism, racism, and discrimination, have risen in all parts of the world. While it was known identity was a cause of hooliganism, this paper analyzes how the desire to represent a particular club or nation causes violence among football fans (hooliganism), more precisly why does it lead to discriminatory acts. Six scholarly and non-scholarly articles have been described and compared to find out the possible causes of such behaviours. Impule in emotions and the social phenomenon of following the group, lead by identity, accentuate the causes of discrimination. It results in large discriminatory acts commited by particular racist hooligan groups. Hooliganism across Cultures and Nations Introduction This paper will focus on how identify influences violence in football games. Over the course of the last half-century, violence among football fans has risen to a point of no control, and it has lead many researchers (Canon 2008) and (Gow and Rookwood 2008) to question the causes of disruptions on football stands. The definition of a hooligan is not widely accepted. Some give it a positive connotation while others describe it in a negative way. Some of the proposed definitions of a hooligan are: one who actively participates in the living experience of football by engaging emotionally and positively in the success of their football club (Canon 2008), one who is strongly engaged in nationalism (Mota 2009), or the violent behaviour of a football spectator (Gow and Rookwood 2008). Yet, this topic is vastly debated. Experts argue whether or not hooligans still have their place in modern football. While statistics show the number of arrests due to rioting have risen on football stadiums i n England (Chula 2009) and in the Netherlands (Spaaij 2007), ordinary fans are getting increasingly afraid of attending games of their beloved club (Spaaij 2007), security being the social nature of this problem. Furthermore, the threat must be massive since football is consiered as a religion for 60% of european fans (Canon 2008). In other cases, lead by strong emotions based on their identity, hooligans have engaged in atrocities that lead to many casualties in Italy, England, and other parts of the world (Gow and Rookwood 2008). While it is known that there are many causes for hooliganism, such as the media, the police, personal reasons, the desire to represent, social causes and revenge, identity, and dissatisfaction (Gow and Rookwood 2008), the identity to a club or nation has caused many clashes based on nationalism, racism, and discrimination, (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) and (Spaaij Vià ±as, 2005). Thus, this essay will analyze how the desire to represent a particular club or nation causes violence among football fans (hooliganism), more precisly why does it lead to discriminatory acts. Therefore, seven scholarly and non-scholarly articles will be compared based on their explanations of why is football so important to average europeans and how does it lead to an impulse of emotions which causes riots and social unrests at football games. Body Text What is hooliganism?: The paragraph will focus on the description of hooliganism, it will suggest definitions, explain the causes of this phenomenon, and it will list examples of violence that has occurred in modern era football. Multiple definitions: There are many definitions for hooliganism and it has not been widely agreed on which represents it the most. Hooligan point of view: One who actively participates in the living experience of football by engaging emotionally and positively in the success of their football club. (Canon, 2007, p. 4) External point of view: A specific form of spectator violence at football matches. (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) One who is strongely engaged in nationalism. (Mota, 2009, p.4) The violent behaviour of a football spectator. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 71) Causes: According to Gow and Rookwood (2008), hooliganism is a diverse phenomenon that is not mono-casual (p. 71). Media, police, personal reasons, desire to represent (nationalism and identity), superiority and revenge, and dissatisfaction. Involvment in football hooliganism has bee explained in relation to a number of factors, relating to interaction, identity, legitimacy, and power. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, pp. 75-79) Hooligan experience: buzz of excitement (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) Examples of violence Large public brawls outside of stadiums. (Chula, 2009) Clashes between rival hooligan groups at football games. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 78) Inter-group alliances and wars (Spaiij, 2007, p. 324) Identity: This paragraph will focus on one of the causes of hooliganis: identity. It will explain why it is occuring, how it affects football fans, and how it leads to a popular phenomenon of following the group, and how it leads to discrimination. The involvement in hooliganism leads a normal person to commit acts that he would have never done under normal circumstances. Need of belonging: Identity is characterized by the need to belong to a club or national team. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 76) It is a way for those who feel unimportant and marginalised to express their identity. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 78) Strong emotions: Accounts of hooligans reveal how they experience an overpowering buzz or adrenalin rush when confronting their opponents. (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) Phenomenon of following the group: Their desire to [†¦] conform to group norms of behaviour may lead them to use serious violence against groups or individuals. (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) Discrimination in football: The paragraph will discuss the types of discrimination and its causes. Also, it will analyze the ways organizations are trying to fight it. Types of discrimination Homophobia, Racism, Exclusion of minorities. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Causes Cultural racism: This cultural racism revolves around the construction and defense of an image of national culture in the face of the emergence and expansion of immigrant communities. (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) Some cultures define some things as right or wrong. Homosexuality is defined as wrong in many countries across Easter and Southern Europe. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Nationalism: When Croatia played Bosnia Herzegovina in Sarajevo, Croatian fans formed a human U symbol representing the fascist Ustase movement responsible for mass killings of Serbs, Jews and the Roma during World War II. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Such events happen in countries where national identity is largely present. What is done to stop discrimination Non-governmantal organizations such as NGO (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) and FARE (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.), trying to reduce xenophobia. Hooliganism is a social phenomenon, largely portayed as being negative, that is not mon-casual. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 71) Multiple causes affect hooliganism (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 78), but identity and the need to represent lead to serious manifestations as discrimination and violence. As one engages in a large group of fans, he experiences strong emotions and adrenaline boosts (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) leading to the phenomenon of following the group (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160). A person may, under those circumstances, do somethings that he would not do in real life setting. Homophobia, racism, and exclusion of minorities are some of the types of discrimination. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Cultural racism (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) and nationalism (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) are labeled as the main causes of discrimination, accentuated by the phenomenon of followers. This essay responded to the problem statement, and explained how the desire to represent causes violence, particularly discrimination. The internal validity of most of my srouces is not easily verifiable because they are descriptive researchs based on data and results of other researchers. Only two researchs include some quantitative and qualitative data. Gow and Rookwood use a small sample of twenty supporters, while Canon uses a larger sample of 2,000 survey respondants and a smaller sample of interviewed supporters. Sampling methods were not random in both cases. The external validity is good for most of the sources because we can generalize results to certain countries or to the entire European continent. The internal validity of my essay is good because I used a good methodology of literature review of my articles. But, since I analyzed only 7 sources, the external validity is not very high; I cannot generalize my results. But, my sources were good and were written by experts or organizations specialized in my domain of analysis. Thus, I can say the data and information used in my sources is appropriate. I believe my study to be a good analysis of the situation of hooliganism in Europe. Still, my study lacks numbers and data to prove what I say, since I analyzed other works. I cannot affirmate a certain cause effect pattern. Works Cited Canon. Football Passions. The Social Issues Research Centre. 2008. http://www.sirc.org/football/football_passions.pdf (accessed August 25, 2009). The study was commissioned and realized by Canon, a well-known company, wanting to accomplish extensive sociological research on capturing the emotions of being a football fan. The names of the researchers are not indicated, thus, we cannot question the credentials of the authors; it will remain unknown and unestablished. But, the research was done by the Social Issues Research Center, which is a leading research group in the United Kingdom. The purpose of the study, as mentioned, was to capture the emotions of being a football fan and to compare the feelings, expressions, and behaviours of fans associated with support of their football teams. The major aspect of the study was that it should capture the experiences of every-day football fans and that it should provide their opinions on the problems of hooliganism. The sampling methods used for the study were interviews and online surveys. In the first case, fieldwork was conducted in eighteen countries. Online surveys (m=2,000) were took across all countries of Europe. There were no hypothesis, nor variables since the objective was to analyze various behaviours, and then to find a conclusion about the different aspects of hooliganism. The internal validity is good since the sampling was large, but it was not perfect since it was not done randomly. The study can be generalized to Europe and we can thus say the external validity is very good. As for the results and the conclusion, the research reveals a largely positive side to hooliganism. It also explains the rituals of football fans and the passion created by the fans. It is a largely descriptive research. I believe the study is biased because it only shows the hooligans point of view, which is unreal in the current atmosphere of modern football. Some results and statistics are good, but some should be analyzed carefully because they could be biased and unreliable. Chula, Jesse. Hooliganism: Did It Ever Go Away? Who Foots The Bill? September 6, 2009. http://www.epltalk.com/hooliganism-did-it-ever-go-away-who-foots-the-bill/10832 (accessed September 6, 2009). Football Against Racism in Europe. Racism in Football. http://www.farenet.org/default.asp?intPageID=40 (accessed September 7, 2009). The URL gives me an appropriate idea that this is a specialized website in my domain because of the acronym F.A.R.E. (meaning Football against Racism in Europe) and of the ending .org, suggesting it is an organization. The page is written by a group of authors whose expertise is in racism, homophobia, and exclusion of minorities. The website is updated regularly (at least monthly, but most of the times weekly) announcing action plans against discrimination. Some of the information was written about a year ago, while there is a lot of fresh stuff. The topic area is discrimination. While there are little or no references, information seems reliable because the organization seems to have its own well-established database. Thus, it seems the website has overall great integrity and reliability. The website does not use a scientific method for referencing and citing. The target audience of the website are football fans, and its function is to demonstrate that racism is present in modern fo otball, and how it should be stopped. The website is largely sponsored by the UEFA and FIFA football bodies, which want to stop discrimination on football fields. While there is only one point of view, there is no feeling of bias on the website; it can only be understood that they are showing the real facts. This page cannot be considered as ironic because it is a serious organization, well-known around the world. It is possible to contact the ten experts that have designed and created the website via telephone, fax, or e-mail. Gow, Paul, and Joel Rookwood. Doing it for the team-examining the causes of hooliganism in English football. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 2008: 71-82. The study is conducted by Paul Gow and Joel Rookwood. They are experts and have realized their research in the Sports Studies Department of Liverpools Hope University, where they are probably teachers. In the research, it is argued that hooliganism is a diverse phenomenon that is not mono-casual. Therefore, it is an argumentative essay. The main intention is to find causes for hooliganism in modern era football. The research was conducted by developing a fan-based perspective on the causes of hooliganism. Interviews and study-groups were conducted with twenty fans from five English clubs in the 2006-2007 season. The clubs selected were representative of geography, league position, success achieved, fan base, and exposure to European competition. Interviewed fans offered their perspectives on many personal factors explaining hooliganism. We dont know if the study was conducted randomly. The internal validity is not good since the sample size is relatively small (m=20). But, since it i s a case study, it would have been difficult to have a larger sample size. The results show that there are six causes for hooliganism: the influence of media, the influence of police, personal reasons, desire to represent or to have an identity, revenge and superiority, and dissatisfaction. Therefore, it is shown that hooliganism is a diverse phenomenon that is not mono-casual. The results cannot be generalized outside of England, because the socio-cultural environment is not the same in other areas of Europe where hooliganism is just as present. The research may be biased because it is done on fan-based opinion. Still, it is a source that analyzes in depth the causes of hooliganism and that offers the best theories about it. Mota, Miguel. Boys Will Be Hooligans: History and Masculine Communities in John Kings England Away. Critique, Spring 2009: 261-273. Spaaij, Ramà ³n. Football Hooliganism in the Netherlands: Patterns of Continuity and Change. Soccer Society, July 2007: 316-334. Spaaij, Ramà ³n, and Carles Vià ±as. A por ellos!: racism and anti-racism in Spanish football. International Journal of Iberian Studies, 2005: p141-164. The research was done by Ramà ³n Spaaji and Carles Vià ±as, experts in hooliganism and racism. Ramà ³n Spaaji had already written many scholarly articles on those topics. Spaaji is affiliated to the University of Amsterdam, where he is a trustable and respected source. Carles Vià ±as is affiliated to the University of Barcelona. The authors intention is to describe the neo-Nazi and racist phenomenons by fan groups across Spain. The two main questions posed by the authors are whether there is a hooligan/racist correlation, and whether there is a transformation in current sources of racism. The study is descriptive. The methodology used was to compare and analyze existing studies on the subject. The validity of the study cannot be verified because it is entirely based on independent studies, there is neither qualitative nor quantitative data measured by the authors. The conclusions found that racism is a widespread phenomenon in Spain of national identity, superiority, and prestige . The desire to conform to a group also leads to violence and discrimination. Still, a lot of hooligan groups try to dissociate themselves from racism and discrimination. The authors conclude three main points: the ultra movement is heterogeneous; racial abuse is not limited to hooligans; and racist discourses are variable and inconsistent. I believe the study to be extremely pertinent to my topic, because the study took place in Spain, believed to be one of the most discriminatory football environments in Europe.

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Fhorest Padilla #209156Padilla 1 Honors English- Animal Farm Essay 2/10/10 The Failure to Improve Society ultimately becomes what it hates the most in order to continually keep moving forward into the future. This is the same for the animals in Animal Farm; they have human aspects in order to give a better understanding even though animals dislike humans. The animals are failing to make living like humans better than the humans do. Lifestyle of the pigs is far better than any of the other animals on the farm and it is seemingly unfair.Although the animal’s lifestyle is improving, it still seems that all the other animals are not being given the same treatment as the pigs have. The commandments are a model for all the animals to follow, but they are not really needed. On Animal Farm â€Å"the commandments are being written on the [tarred] wall with great white letters† (Orwell 24). The seven commandments be seen as a dynamic character because of their change in meaning o r what they are thought to mean, but are changing because of Squealer’s propaganda.With this the genre of Animal Farm is also the best example of what Stalin is doing in Russia. Although something may not be evenly in comparison there is a greater reason behind it. Boxer is the strongest and hardest working of all the animals, but he is also one that is least of value to all the pigs. Boxer’s maxims, â€Å"I will work harder(Orwell 125)† is a reminder to all the animals of what he and Animal Farm stands for. The motif of Boxer’s maxim is a perfect example for all the animals to follow.Also the animal’s only real motivation to work harder is that they all do not want Mr. Jones to return. Working hard for anything that has meaning pays off in the end. The success of all the animals has nothing to do with the pigs. â€Å"All animals are working like slaves, except the pigs (Orwell 59). † The windmill is a symbol of life to all the animals; it i s their only reason for living. Napoleon’s analogy of how the farm is now; to how it was when Mr. Jones was on the farm does not make sense. Success is on what is put into it; it is ll on how much effort is put forward. All in all someone or something, like the animals, is unjustly does not have the same equality as others do. The life of the pigs is made better because they make it, but this is not by the choice of the other animals. The pigs abuse their self obtainment of leadership and end up making life even harder for the other animals. All of the animals should be equal, and it has the assumption that they are, but they really are not. Equality is keen and should be properly in use all around the world.

Big One

They came to America looking for religious opportunity and consequently were dedicated religious families. Their general public was religious based family arranged, depending on angling and cultivating on little scale, seeing themselves as to be â€Å"much more genuine than all different pilgrims†. These actualities clarify why New England had the witchcraft panics and no uprisings like the Bacon's Rebellion. Then again, the Chesapeake homesteaders came to America looking for gold, silver, or else other possibilities that could come about into benefit.They raised tobacco and corn for fare to Europe and their yields flourished. Economy influenced the general populace, made in larger part of dark slaves working the manors, ND subsequently religion was less extreme in the Chesapeake provinces. The fundamental church was the Anglican Church and numerous individuals did not partake at all in the religious exercises. These truths clarify why Chesapeake had the Bacon's Rebellion and no witchcraft alarms. Religion wasn't as critical in the Chesapeake provinces as it was further North.This is on account of the larger part of those going to the states in Virginia, for instance, were there for profiting and were accordingly primarily embodied vendors, as opposed to Puritans, for instance. Simply needed to include that elision wasn't the ONLY reason for the witchcraft alarms, yet this is the least demanding to bring up. With respect to Bacon's Rebellion, this was a rebellion made up basically by obligated servants, who felt they were being â€Å"held down† by those they worked for. Bound servants were basic in the Chesapeake range. In New England, there weren't the same number of.There was basically a spotlight on families cooperating to accomplish work, instead of having obligated servants doing the work. So since there weren't almost the same number of obligated servants in New England, there wasn't anything like Bacon's Rebellion. . What made Native Americ an peoples vulnerable to conquest by European adventurers? Mans Native Americans history is both captivating and from multiple points of view, heartbreaking. Assessments range from around 10 – 90 million Native Americans occupied America at the time Of the European entries.They had existed in the area numerous, numerous years before white man set foot on their dirt. It is accepted that amid the ice age, they had voyage an area connect over the Bring Sound, from Siberia into what is currently Alaska. They had step by step relocated over the area and southward into Mexico ND past. The name â€Å"Indian† was provided for them by Christopher Columbus who mistakenly accepted he had arrived in the Indies. They have been marked Indians, American Indians, and the now favored Native Americans.They relocated to all locales of the area and were structured into various tribes or countries. These were an individuals who adjusted well to their specific locales and made insightful ut ilization of all characteristic assets accessible. They put stock in regarding the area and the plenitude of blessings it advertised. They got to be capable anglers, seekers, cultivated harvests, for example, corn, and assembled homes with whatever accessible assets their domain gave. Some of these included creature skins, sun-dried block for adobes, or wood for long houses relying upon the districts.The Native American people groups substantiated themselves substandard compared to the European champions from social, efficient, political and military perspectives. A large number of them were in decrease before the entry of the Europeans; they overburdened nature by chasing, exhausting the fauna and greenery. They additionally passed on from urban maladies, in the same ay as tuberculosis and on top of this, they didn't have resistance to the new European ailments and many thousands were slaughtered along these lines. The survivors intermarried and settled in less compelling groups.Th e Indian populace developed gradually in view of the unforgiving conditions. On an alternate hand, the Europeans had unrivaled military engineering; they were wearing metal protective layers, overwhelming weapons and they had cavalry. The Aztec had the information of sanitized gold however did not know how to make iron apparatuses and weapons. 3. What was the role of the colonies in the British mercantilism system? Mans In the mercantilism framework colonies were relied upon to help the homeland attain to a great offset of exchange, ideal specie inflow, financial independence and a fare overflow.States were required to supply items which would overall must be gotten from non-royal sources, produce trades by the creation and offer of items sought after outside the domain, and give a business to the motherland's fares. The homeland would furnish the states with incorporated administrative control of the economy, and additionally maritime and military security. Under the mercantilism f ramework, the part of settlement was to help its â€Å"motherland. † The homeland needed to fare things that were more significant than whatever it needed to import. The American states' part in the British mercantilism framework was to help get this going.They should give items that could be sent out via England and they should purchase profitable things from England. This implied several things. First and foremost, it implied that the provinces would not be permitted to fare things straightforwardly to different nations. Rather, they needed to send them to England first so England could profit when the merchandise were traded. Second, it implied that the provinces were not permitted to make things that would contend with things made in England. Britain needed the pioneers to import things, not to make their own.According to the English laws that systematized these advancements for North America were instituted over a century and were assembled around a progression of Naviga tion Acts starting in 1 651. They were given a complete structure in 1696. English mediation in the economy keeping in mind the end goal to serve national investments delivered budgetary and key focal points to the states. By giving the states the greater part of the delivery rights on exchange tit England, British mercantilism profited the settlements. Mercantilism inexorably brought exchange question with different nations, which thusly frequently declined into military battles.All things considered, then, the provinces' part was to give things that the British could fare and purchase things from Britain. In both ways, they would help England have the capacity to fare more than it transported in. 4. How did the Great War for Empire change the relationship between England and its American colonies? Mans In spite of the fact that a large portion of the North American battling finished n September 8, 1760, when the Marquis De Vaudeville surrendered Montreal and viably all of Canada t o Britain, the French and Indian War formally finished with the marking of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763.The bargain brought about France's loss of all its North American belonging east of the Mississippi (all of Canada was ceded to Britain) aside from Saint Pierre and Uniquely, two little islands off of Newfoundland, denoting the start of a period of British strength outside Europe. The French and Indian War changed the political, efficient, and ideological relations in the middle of Britain and its American provinces. English obligation lead to uncalled for levy of the homesteaders, and this changed the way they felt about their homeland.After the French and Indian War, the nation's colonizing North America moved. After 1763 (Doc. An), English settlements ruled the new world. This took a toll on the political relationship in the middle of Britain and the American pilgrims in light of the fact that it prompt the Proclamation of 1763. The Native Americans (Doc. B) accepte d â€Å"they had no privilege to settle. † The Proclamation was Britain's concept of counteracting further clash. On the other hand, the settlers were rankled, and they accepted they were being denied of their entitlement to be free.Even though overseas ideological qualities to Britain started to change amid the war, the pilgrims' capacity to experience with the blacklists demonstrated they could unite to roll out improvement. All the tariff and regulation added to the hatred pioneers as of now felt before the Proclamation of 1763. Additionally, the French and Indian War, helped American fighters understand they had less freedom than Englishmen. A Massachusetts warrior composed (Doc. D) â€Å"we are suspended Englishmen freedom. American disdain that emerged amid this period helped trigger pioneer disobedience.The French and Indian War is at fault for the American Revolution. Ideologically, it raised pioneer emotions of hatred to Britain. It additionally changed the politica l relationship in the middle of England and its settlers in light of the fact that the English were compelled to unjustifiably impose them because of their efficient battles. The pioneers thus, boycotted, in this manner further harming their financial association with their homeland. After the French and Indian War, America would never be the same.Maximum number of characters (including HTML tags added by text editor): 60,000 Show/Hide Rich-Text Editor Question 2 of 4 1. 1 . The narrative suggests that the war for American independence was not inevitable, that the British empire could have been saved. Do you agree? At what point during the imperial crisis was peaceful compromise possible? 2. Mans After the war for American Independence, John Adams asserted that the Americans were considering autonomy much sooner than the war that began in 1775. I accept that the British Empire could have effectively been safeguarded.War was not inescapable. Had King George Ill not treated the pilgri ms like getting out of hand youngsters from whom he could benefit, peace could have been kept up, and the American Revolution could have been forestalled. At first, the pioneers would not have liked to be divided from England. They just needed the same English rights that the Englanders were managed by the crown. On the other hand, contrasts over the obligation of who would pay for the expense of the Seven Years War and Britain's mercantilism arrangements incited over levy with no representation.At the point when the establishing fathers accumulated at the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1 775, they had two essential objectives. As a matter of first importance, they needed to declare their entitlement to English rights, including representation. Furthermore, they needed to vow their steadfastness to England. To do this, they sent the Olive Branch Petition in a last endeavor to approach the lord for some help from duties and abuse. The dialect in the appeal is unassumi ng as the originators concede to the ruler and vow their faithfulness.Moreover, in the event that they were to stay with Great Britain, they would get the security of the British war fleet and the most effective domain on the planet. Lamentably, when the lord got the request, he declined to peruse it. Rather, he blamed the pioneers for hard and fast injustice, expressing that they had â€Å"continued to open and acknowledged disobedience. † The settlers by then understood that they would not be given the same rights and fundamentally they would dependably be considered only a wellspring of subsidizing for the ruler.It was as though the 13 provinces were the ruler's contracted servants-?just he was not keen on continually providing for them their flexibility. So yes, the Empire could have en spared if the King had listened to the pilgrims and accepted that they were acting in accordance with some basic honesty by sending the Olive Branch Petition. Obviously, the following arch ive that the lord would get would be the Declaration of Independence, which was, in reality, capital punishments for the individuals who marked it. Though war could have been counteracted with the Olive Branch Petition, with the Declaration, it was positively Inescapable. . Who was to blame for Britain's failure to win a quick victory over the American rebels: General Howe, General Burgeoned, or the ministers in London? Explain your answer. Mans Sir William Howe was an English General who was commandant and head of British strengths amid the American Revolutionary War. On January 4, 1756, Howe was delegated major of the recently structured 60th Regiment (redesigned 58th in 1 757) and headed out with the unit to North America for operations against the French. In this limit he joined in Major General Jeffery Amherst effective attack of Luxurious that late spring.With the demise of his sibling, Brigadier General George Howe at the Battle of Carillon that July, William accomplished a s eat in parliament speaking to Nottingham. Staying in North America, Howe served in Wolf's assault on Quebec in 1759. General Howe was reprimanded for Britain's inability to win a snappy triumph over the American Rebels. America's triumph to autonomy changed to course of history. Through a triumph the fight affected Howe and pulverize his conviction that the dissidents speak to a little piece of the American individuals.Burgeoned proposed an arrangement for vanquishing the Americans he needed to lead an armed force south while the second segment propels east. This arrangement was to be progressed by Howe. Rather the arrangement was sanction by Colonial Secretary Lord George Germane. Hose's part was never unmistakably characterized, and was never issued requests from London to assistant Burgeoned. Burgeoned was left all alone, and was vanquished in the discriminating clash of Saratoga. Howe dispatched his own battle to catch the American legislative center at Philadelphia.As I would l ike to think I don't think it was Hose's deficiency on the grounds that it was Burnoose's arrangement, and he was the one driving the British to this fight. In spite of the fact that, the arrangement was never exceptional by Howe rather it was endorsed by Lord Germane so I think Lord Germane ought to hold a percentage of the obligation regarding the annihilation. Under serious feedback in England for losing to the Americans the lord no more had trust in Howe. Howe asked for to be calmed. Howe got word his acquiescence had been endorsed. 3. Why did Britain switch to a Southern military strategy?Why did that strategy ultimately fail? Mans The British surrender at Yorktown on October nineteenth, 1781 denoted the end of the British procedure to assuage the southern provinces, which got to be known as the Southern Campaign, and denoted the start of the end of British manage in the settlements. Led amid the Revolutionary War from 1780-1781 , it was a consequence of a sensational move in p rocedure that happened after the British misfortune at Saratoga. The battle was focused around a mistaken presumption that the Southern settlements contained an extensive populace of followers, and in this way could be immediately assuaged.The supporters could then be prepared, and in this manner utilized to control the South, liberating British strengths to lead operations somewhere else. The supposition of Loyalist backing in the south did not precisely reflect the mentality in the locale, where British authenticity was at hat point on disappear. As an aftereffect of the shaky authenticity of British reason, they expected to execute a course reading assignment program. The ineffectively planned and executed arrangement, nonetheless, really aroused the crowded and pushed them around the renegade reason, further undermining the authenticity of the operation.The British changed to a southern military technique after General Henry' Clinton touched base in the States to assume control charge Of British troops from William Howe. Clinton chose that the British endeavors in the North had fizzled and that they ought o move South. The South, he felt, would be a superior spot for the British on the grounds that it was accepted that the South had numerous a greater number of Loyalists than the North did. The British felt that they would be in friendlier region there. They would have the capacity to attract on Tory quality to supplement the regulars.They would assemble energy by winning in the South and would then move back North to complete the occupation. There are mainly two reasons behind the failure of the strategy which are: First and foremost, General Henry Clinton took care of the Southern system seriously. He alienated numerous in the South who may have been dependable to the Crown. He did this, for instance, by making a guarantee to freedom to all slaves who would come to British-controlled region. This frightened slave owners and made a greater amount Of them backing the resistance. Second, the methodology utilized by American General Nathaniel Greene was exceptionally viable.He rehearsed a technique of making the British pursue him all over while rejecting any huge pitched fights. This constrained the British to attempt to â€Å"live off the area,† which implied that they needed to aka supplies from neighborhood individuals. This served to make the Southern people contradict the British. Hence, less Southerners stayed devoted to the Crown and the Southern system fizzled. 4. Why was the Constitution a controversial document even as it was being written? Mans The United States Constitution was composed more than 200 years back and it has been utilized as the establishment for the legislature.The constitution has been and still remains the strongest political understanding ever. Despite the fact that a moving record, its creation was not that simple yet dubious. Its signers were partitioned over various significant issues which prom pted protracted contentions when it was being composed. After its creation the Constitution still stays dubious. It has ended up being the epicenter of Civil Rights activism, clash between state sway and national amusingness, sketchy over widespread human services and marriage controversy . The bargains on the key issues that described its genesis are in charge of the discussion of the basic archive.From the earliest starting point of its creation the constitution thoughts were isolated between the backers. The supporters comprehended hat that the constitution was a thought of the republican considering, giving for another level to the individuals' chosen government. Then again, the faultfinders were persuaded that the republicans adjusted themselves in little political units, the states. The partition of forces between the focal government and the state governments was accordingly a significant discussion as the constitution archive was being composed and emerges as a vital issue e xceptional.The agents drafting the constitution experienced issues over the state representation. The delegates that were speaking to rater states bolstered for a populace based representation while the agents from littler states thought an equivalent number Of delegates for each State was reasonable prompting the Electoral College. From its establishment, the U. S. Constitution was a controversial document, praised as a solution to the nation's woes and condemned as a perversion of its republican principles. Critics charged that republican institutions worked only in small political units – the states.Advocates answered that the Constitution extended republicanism by adding another level of government elected by the people. In this composite political system, the new national government would exercise limited, delegated powers, and the existing state governments would retain authority over all other problems. Question 3 off 25. 0 points 1. 1 . Weigh the relative importance o f the Industrial and Market revolutions in changing the American economy. In what ways was the economy different in 1860 from what it had been in 1800? How would you explain those differences? 2.Mans 3. The American economy was dominating agricultural in 1800. This changed drastically by 1860 with the Industrial and Market insurgencies. New canonical machines permitted the industrialist to deliver more products, quicker, and hence more labor was required. A business economy was conceived. New employments were made in the Northern states, while the Southern ones experienced the extension of bondage. The impact of the Industrial and Market unrest in the South was reflected in the large scale manufacturing of cotton, needed for the material business in the North.The solid industrialization had as result the individuals' relocation from country regions to the urban areas, furthermore a huge increment in populace, as living guidelines moved forward. However the Industrial Revolution had additionally a negative effect on the common laborers, who were existing in packed and unsanitary houses and had troublesome working conditions. Generally speaking, the Industrial and Market Revolution was an essential defining moment in the American history and had as outcome the change from an agrarian and rustic culture into a modern and urban one. . In what ways did the emerging industrial economy conflict with artisan republicanism? How did wage laborers respond to the new economy? Mans In 1 sass to sass, industrialization began in United States when producers ND shippers expanded their item yield through building production lines and re-sorting out work. Through these development methodologies, the cost of merchandise was brought down, and division of work got to be more proficient. Then again, the laborers control over conditions and pace of work was dissolved.For the errands that were unsuited to outwork, there was the production of mind Austria facilities portrayed by speci alization of obligations and assignments. The producers depended on steam motors to drive the factories and machines that utilized power as a part of generation. Britons expected that the American producers could get to be included in fares. Accordingly, Britain anticipated fare of material apparatus any fares and also migration of the mechanics. Be that as it may, the presentation of the cotton spinner in America by Samuel Slater denoted the start of Industrial Revolution.England planned defensive enactment that came about to lessened creation rates than in America. Thus, Americans began to enhance their machines and left on mechanical advancement. The ascent of compensation work at the heart of the Industrial Revolution additionally abused working individuals in new ways. The principal strike among material laborers challenging pay and production line conditions happened in 1 824 and even the model factories of Lowell confronted extensive strikes in the sass.Mechanical upheaval ch anged lives of the specialists and the way of their work. Most experts in America created a belief system of artisan republican that relied on upon standards of equity and freedom. They viewed themselves as equivalent and free from constrained work. The expanded republicanism saw numerous specialists taking more wage acquiring occupations. A few workers framed unions and their haggling force with the genuineness elevated. The greater part of the artisans confronting dangers from industrialization began specific shops.The American and English law legalized laborers from sorting out themselves with the point of getting their wages raised. By and by, the development of the work hypothesis of quality by union pioneers as a shared profits society looked for better work conditions and better wage. 3. Why did Protestant Christianity and Protestant women emerge as forces for social change? Mans In the United States, the force of the Protestant and Catholic beliefs was titled amid the pilgri m period, and, in spite of the fact that ladies dwarfed men in the chapels, the congregation chain of importance was solely male.Not until the nineteenth century in the US do history specialists normally see the beginnings of noteworthy social change in ladies' religious parts. Virginia was the biggest, most crowded and most imperative province. The Church of England was legitimately settled; the minister of London made it a most loved preacher target and sent in 22 ministers by 1624. By and by, foundation implied that nearby expenses were piped through the neighborhood area to Andre the needs of nearby government, for example, streets and poor help, notwithstanding the compensation of the clergyman.There never was a minister in provincial Virginia, and by and by the neighborhood vestry comprised of laymen who controlled the ward and took care of nearby expenses, streets and poor easing. The settlers were ordinarily preoccupied, uninterested, and exhausted amid chapel administration s as indicated by the pastors, who grumbled that the individuals were dozing, whispering, gazing at the elegantly dressed ladies, strolling about and advancing and going, or, best ease scenario watching out the windows or gazing blankly into space.Against a predominating view that eighteenth century Americans had not sustained the first pioneers' enthusiastic responsibility to their confidence, researchers now recognize an abnormal state of religious vitality in provinces after 1700. As indicated by one master, religion was in the â€Å"climb as opposed to the declension†; an alternate sees a â€Å"climbing imperativeness in religious life† from 1700 ahead; a third discovers religion in numerous parts of the settlements in a condition Of â€Å"hot development. † Figures on chapel articulation and church development help these sentiments.Somewhere around 1700 and 1 740, an expected 75-80% of the populace went to places of worship, which were being assembled at a headlong pace. By 1 780 the rate of grown-up pilgrims who stuck to a congregation was between 10-30%, not including slaves or Native Americans. North Carolina had the most minimal rate at around 4%, while New Hampshire and South Carolina were tied for the most elevated, at around 16%. Church structures in eighteenth century America fluctuated significantly, from the plain, unobtrusive structures in gently settled rustic regions to rich buildings in the prosperous urban areas on the eastern seaboard.Chapels reflected the traditions and conventions and in addition the riches and societal position of the groups that manufactured them. German holy places contained peculiarities obscure in English ones. 4. Why did women's issues suddenly become so prominent in American culture? Mans In the early sass position of American ladies was legitimately and socially second rate compared to men. Ladies could ‘t vote and, if wedded, couldn't possess property or hold their own income. The chan ge developments of the sass, particularly annulment and moderation, gave ladies an opportunity to get included in general society stadium.Ladies reformers soon started to disturb not only for restraint and abrogation, additionally for ladies' rights. Activists, for example, Angelina and Sarah Grimm, Elizabeth Caddy Stanton, and Lucrative Motto contended that men and ladies are made equivalent and ought to be dealt with thusly under the law. These backers associated with abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, likewise a fervent women's activist, fusing the forces of the cancellation and the ladies' rights developments. Different backers of both reasons incorporate Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass.